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<b>Antrojioji pamoka</b> <br>
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<b>Lesson 2</b><br>
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<b>GRAMMAR</b><br>
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<LI>
<A  HREF=" http://www.thelithuanians.com/mp3s/LS302grammar.mp3">Click - Audio</A> <BR>
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2.1 The Present Tense of the Verbs.<br>
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Most of the verbs in Lithuanian are "regular". The verbs in <br>
Lithuanian are divided into 3 conjugations. The conjugation is <br>
determined by the ending of the third person, present tense.<br>
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1st Conjugation: 3rd person ends in -a. Infin.: dirbti 'to work',<br>
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a&#154; dirbu -u <br>
tu dirbi -i <br>
jis dirba -a<br>
	 
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mes dirbame -ame <br>
jus dirbate -ate<br>
jie dirba -a<br>

 
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ruo&#154;ti  to prepare<br>
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a&#154; ruo&#154;iu   -iu<br>
tu ruo&#154;i -i<br>
jis ruo&#154;ia -ia<br>
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mes ruo&#154;iame -iame<br>
jus ruo&#154;iate -iate<br>
jie ruo&#154;ia- ia<br>
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2nd Conjugation: -i — Infin.: myleti 'to love'<br>
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a&#154; myliu	-iu<br>
tu myli	-i<br>
jis myli	-i<br>
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mes mylime	-ime<br>
jus mylite	-ite<br>
jie myli	-i<br>
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3rd Conjugation: -o — Infin.: skaityti 'to read<br>
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a&#154; skaitau	-au<br>
tu skaitai	-ai<br>
jis skaito	-o<br>
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mes skaitome	-ome<br>
jus skaitote	-ote<br>
jie skaito	-o<br>
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NB.<br>
1) The 3rd person singular and the 3rd person plural are <br>
always the same in all tenses in Lithuanian.<br>
2) Plural forms can easily be formed by adding " -me" or "-te" <br>
respectively to the 3rd person form.<br>
3) As one can see, the pattern of accentuation in Lithuanian <br>
is a complicated affair. For the present tense, the following <br>
general rules could be drawn:<br>
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a) The 3rd person singular and all the persons in the plural <br>
are stressed on the stem, never on the ending.<br>
b) The 1st and the 2nd person singular will both be stressed <br>
alike: either both on the ending or both on the stem. <br>
(From this lesson on, the forms of the 1st person singular <br>
and 3rd prs. will be given with the infinitive. Later, other forms <br>
will be added.)<br>
c) For details, see Grammar Appendix; for individual verbs, <br>
see Lith.-English vocabulary.<br>
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2.2 Negation. The negative particle in Lithuanian is "ne." It usually  <br>
precedes that word which it negates. When it precedes a verbal <br>
form, then it is written together with the verb. It is also written <br>
together with adjectives and adverbs. It is usually not connected <br>
with nouns, unless the particle ne gives the noun the opposite <br>
meaning. "Nera" 'is not' is a contraction of "ne yra". With a negative <br>
verb the direct object must be in the genitive, not in the accusative, <br>
as is the case after a positive verbal form. More on negation:<br>
 See 4.3.<br>
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2.3 Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns.<br>
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Possessive adjectives and pronouns are very easy to handle <br>
in Lithuanian: for each person there is only one form for both the <br>
possessive adjective and the possessive pronoun, and they are <br>
indeclinable!<br>
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Personal Pronoun<br>
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a&#154; — I<br>
tu — you, thou<br>
jis — he<br>
ji —she<br>
mes — we<br>
jus — you<br>
jie — they (masc.)<br>
jos — they (fern.)<br>
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Possessive Adjective  <br>
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mano — my <br>
tavo — your <br>
jo — his <br>
jos — her<br>
musu — our<br>
jusu.— your<br>
ju — their<br>
ju — their<br>
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Possessive Pronoun  <br>
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mano — mine <br>
tavo — yours <br>
jo — his <br>
jos — hers <br>
musu. — ours<br>
jusu. — yours <br>
ju. — theirs<br>
 ju — theirs<br>

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With the exception of "mano" and "tavo", the rest of these forms<br>
are actually the genitives of the personal pronouns. Examples:<br>
mano tevas — my father<br>	
mano mama — my mother <br>
mano namai — my houses<br>
&#138itas namas yra mano. — This house is mine.<br>

**
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